Friday, May 13, 2016

Final Blog Post - GE410 Reflection

I particularly enjoyed the guests who came to our environmental geology class this semester; hearing them speak about their work gave me the opportunity to see what types of jobs women hold in environmental science related fields and from their visits I learned more about how environmental geology truly encompasses everything around us.

The first guest speaker we had in class was Adrienne Cizek, an engineer who works for Stormwater Solutions LLC here in Milwaukee, WI. Adrienne talked to our class about stormwater, water pollution, green infrastructure (rain gardens / barrels / wet ponds), and how changes in hydrogeology occur.   From her talk we learned about sewer systems and where stormwater goes during heavy rainfalls. She gave us a little history Milwaukee’s sewer systems before the Clean Water Act and what has been done since then to improve water quality and water storage capacity in our County.

The second guest speaker we had in class was Karen Sands, the sustainability coordinator for the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District (MMSD). Karen shared information with our class about Milwaukee’s sewer systems and deep tunnels. She also talked about how green infrastructure can be used to mitigate sewer issues by collecting rainwater.  Karen was very knowledgeable about what exactly happens with wastewater and stormwater in Milwaukee and gave us an overview of the MMSD facilities in our area and what they do at them.

The third guest speaker we had in class was Judy Fassbender from the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Judy is the Chief of the Remediation and Redevelopment program; she shared information with our class about WDNR regulations, and how they conduct environmental assessments to identify the source and severity of hazardous waste at sites throughout Wisconsin.

The fourth guest that came to Alverno was Dustin from On Site Environmental who came to do a monitoring well installation on campus with our class. He showed us how sample groundwater from an already constructed well and he used a GeoProbe with a hallow stem auger to install a new well. With the core from the borehole we did soil identification and found that we placed the well in an area that was mostly clay.

Our class was able to take a field trip to Jones Island water reclamation facility in Milwaukee (MMSD/Veolia). We learned about how sewage is cleaned before it goes back into the Lake Michigan and how they make Milorganite (a fertilizer) from the solid waste they reclaim from it.   I thought it was crazy how a majority of the Milorganite gets shipped to Flordia for their golf courses! Our tour guide was really great; she was very knowledgeable about every component of the site that we visited. I particularly liked learning about how the microbes they use breakdown waste and clean the water (more than just bacterial organisms) which was very interesting.

We did some really cool projects in our class; the energy resources, earth day, and the town hall meeting were really interesting components of GE410.  In terms of outcomes for GE410, I feel that all three of these projects allowed me to demonstrate my ability to do research, properly cite sources in an annotated bibliography, and communicate my findings to our class as an audience.   The town hall meeting allowed me to demonstrate that I could appropriately analyze risks associated with an environmental issue (hog farm CAFO) and  as a class we effectively collaborated to have a productive discussion about the issue taking the role of different stakeholders. 

Wednesday, March 16, 2016

Southeastern Biogeochemistry Symposium


This past weekend (March11-13) I got the chance to go to Knoxville, TN for the two day SBS symposium. There were many graduate students and undergraduate students who attended and shared their past and present biogeochemistry research and fortunately enough for me I was one of those students. I presented my current research as a member of the NSF Dimensions of Biodiversity research team this semester on anaerobic microbial iron reduction in the environment (sediments).


 Instead of going over the research that I presented, I would like to share with you some of the other research that I found interesting that was presented at the symposium.  Right away I noticed an overall theme of most of the ongoing research and that was the oil spill of 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico. The oil spill in the Gulf in 2010 was the largest, most catastrophic spill in human history and millions of gallons of oil were released into the environment.

There were a lot of projects that focused on microbial bioremediation for the breakdown of hydrocarbons (oil) in the environment. Research is being done to see which microbes in the environment are responsible for cleaning up the oil that was released and under what conditions these microbes need to thrive.Another project that I liked focused how microbes respond to phosphorus in the environment. This research investigated how microbes respond to climate change (temp variation, precip variation, etc.). I learned that microbes in soil have control over the release of greenhouse gases in the environment by degradation of soil organic matter.


It’s really hard to choose which topics to write about because they were all very interesting. This was actually my first professional conference and I must say, I would definitely go back or attend another professional conference. The experience was great and I got a chance to meet a lot of very smart people. 

Monday, February 8, 2016

Rock Type: Limestone

Limestone

Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed of the carbonate minerals calcite and aragonite. Limestone can form through deposition or precipitation and there are different names for these rock types dependent on the formation / composition of the rocks. Limestone is not found everywhere and it only occurs in areas where underlain sedimentary rock exists.
Limestone Rock Types -
Chalk: fine grained; white or light gray in color. It is formed by the calcium rich shell remains of microscopic marine organisms or certain types of marine algae.


Coquina: calastic; tan or white in color. It is formed mainly by the broken shell remains of marine organisms.



Fossiliferous Limestone: calastic; grey in color. It is formed by  the remains of marine organisms: shell and skeletal fossils.


Lithographic Limestone: very fine grained; white or light gray in color.


Oolitic Limestone: fine grained; white, gray, or yellow in color. It is formed by small spheres of calcium carbonate particles “oolites” through precipitation.

Travertine: banded; white in color. It is formed by evaporative precipitation, often in a cave and produces formations such as stalactites, stalagmites and flowstone.

Tufa: porous; white or gray in color. It is formed by precipitation of calcium rich waters such as a hot spring, lakeshore or marine environment.



Uses For Limestone -
construction
architecture
food additive for animals (calcium source)
cosmetics/toothpaste
ingredient in paper, plastic, paint

Sunday, February 7, 2016

Minerals: Fluorite


   Calcium Fluoride 

Fluorite is classified as a halide mineral, its chemical formula is CaF2 - chemical composition is calcium and fluorine. Fluorite occurs naturally world wide and there are many industrial purposes that the mineral is used for. Acid grade fluorite is the most pure form of CaF2 (97%) and is used by the chemical industry in the production of hydrofluoric acid. The most pure forms of calcium fluoride are colorless; however, impurities cause the fluorite mineral to form with many different color variations.  Ceramic grade fluorite (85-96% CaF)is used in ceramics for the production of glaze and enamel as the mineral in this form has the properties of producing a hard glossy surface. Metallurgical grade fluorite contains between 60 and 85% CaFand is used in the production of of iron, steel, and other metals. Other forms of fluorite especially vibrant colored forms of the mineral may be cut for decoration or collectible purposes but are too soft to be cut for jewelry (hardness of 4). 


Wednesday, February 3, 2016

What is environmental geology?


After giving it some more thought, I would say that environmental geology is essentially the study of earth and earth processes / systems. As Jenny mentioned in class, “a system is more than the sum of its parts” –In order to grasp the cause, severity, and identify solutions for environmental concerns, one must first understand the pieces that link together forming the system(s) that are affected. I think this is a really important idea to understand, especially when looking at matters from a scientific perspective.



My pet peeve